Chromatin, the structure composed of DNA and proteins that makes up chromosomes. Its main role is to package DNA molecules containing all the organism's genes into the cell nucleus, which is approximately 20,000 times smaller than the DNA itself.
Chromatin is carefully organized in such a way that genes remain "accessible" to the various proteins required for gene expression, or the interpretation of the genic information stored in DNA.
Chromatin therefore provides the organism with another layer of information, referred to as epigenetic information, which is made available, in part, through specialized histones called histone variants.
This extreme compaction is made possible by proteins called histones, which condense the DNA much like thread is wound around a spool. Authors studied one histone variant called H2A.Z. H2A.Z is located in specific regions of the gene called promoters, which are involved in controlling gene expression. It is known that H2A.Z is necessary for promoters to function properly.
"With this study, we discovered that two other proteins (FACT and Spt6) play an important role in the location of H2A.Z," adds Dr. Jeronimo. "In fact, we found that these proteins are essential to prevent an accumulation of H2A.Z in inappropriate regions of the gene, which leads to a disorganized chromatin structure."
The study also reveals that inhibiting the inappropriate positioning of H2A.Z is crucial to prevent gene expression defects called "cryptic transcription".
Inappropriate H2A.Z localization has previously been observed in cancer cells, but little was understood about the consequences of this phenomenon and this study suggests that mislocalization of H2A.Z may lead to cryptic transcription in some types of cancer such as lymphoma, and this may contribute to the disease. VIA Science Mission
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